4 March 2023
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In Turkey, education is one of the country’s core values. Public schools and universities open their doors to all those who wish to exercise their right to education. Education is shaped by the fundamental principles of the Turkish Education System: universality and equality, meeting social and individual needs, freedom of choice, right to education, lifelong education planning and scientific approach.
Education in Turkey consists of two main parts: formal education and non-formal education. Formal education includes pre-school education, primary education, secondary education and higher education institutions, while non-formal education includes all educational activities organized alongside or outside formal education.
Educational institutions in Turkey are open to all, regardless of language, race, gender or religion. No privileges are granted to any person, family, group or class. However, in order to benefit from the right to education in Turkey, one must be legally present in the country.
The Turkish education system aims to provide an education that meets the social and individual needs of each student by adopting universal values. The Turkish education system respects students’ freedom of choice and allows each student to receive an education that suits his or her interests and abilities.
In Turkey, the right to education is guaranteed by the Constitution. Compulsory education in public schools is free of charge. Preventing a person’s right to education constitutes a criminal offense.
In Turkey, education is seen as a lifelong process. Therefore, education planning is done in a way that will continue throughout the student’s life. Thus, the learning process continues throughout students’ lives and they adopt the scientific approach and shape their lives.
It is quite easy for foreigners in Turkey to get involved in the education system and early childhood education plays an important role in this system. Nurseries, day care centers and kindergartens are an important starting stage of education for children aged 0-66 months.
Nurseries and day care centers are supervised by the Ministry of Family, Labor and Social Services. These institutions provide care services for children aged 0-36 months. Families who wish to enroll can use these institutions, which are usually run by the private sector, for a fee.
Kindergartens are for children aged 36-66 months and are supervised by the Ministry of National Education. In Turkey, kindergartens are categorized as public and private schools. Education for children aged 48-66 months is offered free of charge in public schools and for a fee in private schools.
Foreign children can enroll in nurseries, day care centers and kindergartens in Turkey. In these institutions, they are provided with language training and information about Turkish culture. Moreover, foreign children who receive pre-school education in these institutions can more easily adapt to the formal education system in Turkey.
Compulsory education for foreigners in Turkey is organized in three levels with a 12-year education system. The first tier consists of 4 years of primary school, the second tier consists of 4 years of secondary school and the third tier consists of 4 years of high school. In our country, 12 years of education is compulsory for all children between the ages of 6 and 17. Foreign students can also enroll in compulsory education in public schools. Basic education services provided by public schools are free of charge for all students. There are also private schools affiliated to the Ministry of National Education, but these schools are not free of charge and charge fees determined by the school.
All primary schools in Turkey follow the same curriculum. Secondary school education is also provided optionally in religious-based secondary schools called “imam hatip”. High school education is provided by science high schools, social sciences high schools, fine arts high schools, sports high schools, religious-based imam-hatip high schools, vocational and technical high schools, and Vocational Education Centers providing apprenticeship, journeyman and master training. Students are placed in these schools according to their achievements and interests in primary education.
In Turkey, there are special education units for students with special education needs. These units guide students in the most appropriate way, taking into account their disability status and their mental, physical, spiritual and social developmental characteristics and needs. Foreign students who wish to receive more detailed information on this subject can apply to the Directorates of National Education in their provinces.
Foreign children can apply to the relevant school to enroll in compulsory education in Turkey with an identity document containing their child’s foreign identity number. If your child’s educational status certificate is from a foreign country, you can apply to the Equivalency Commission of the Directorate of National Education in your province to obtain an equivalency certificate. According to this document, you can enroll in the relevant school. However, if you cannot prove your educational status with a document, you must apply to the Equivalency Commission of the Ministry of National Education and take a placement test. Necessary placement procedures will be carried out according to the results of this exam.
If you had to drop out of your previous education, you will be given a certificate stating the duration and level of your education in Turkey. This document will be an important document for you during your education in Turkey. For more detailed information on registration and other training issues, please contact your provincial Directorate of National Education.
Vocational Training Centers are among the formal education institutions in Turkey and provide a total of 4 years of education. There is no age limit and enrollment is continuous throughout the year. Students come to school one day a week for theoretical training and continue their practical training in enterprises for the other 5 days. During their studies, students receive a salary of no less than 30 percent of the minimum wage. If you have a secondary school certificate or higher, you can apply to the Vocational Training Centers by enrolling in the A1 level Turkish course at the Public Education Centers. If you cannot document your education, you can also enroll in Vocational Training Centers by completing the A1 level Turkish course and enrolling in the A2 course. You can also continue working at the workplace if you are already employed and participate in an Apprenticeship at the same time.
Higher education institutions in Turkey consist of universities, faculties, institutes, colleges, conservatories, vocational schools and application-research centers.
In order to enroll in higher education institutions, it is necessary to be a secondary education graduate and to be successful in the university entrance exam. Students who are successful in the university exam are placed in the universities they prefer through the central preference system according to their preference rights. However, since there is a difference between the number of students who are eligible for preference in the exam and university quotas, it is important to be realistic in the preference process. Higher education services are offered at state and foundation universities. While public universities provide free services, foundation universities set their own annual fees. However, public universities may charge tuition fees for foreign students. You can apply for Turkey Scholarships for higher education programs in Turkey. Turkey Scholarships are also offered to foreign students. For more information, please visit www.turkiyeburslari.gov.tr. You can also check the university preference guide published by ÖSYM every year or visit www.osym.gov.tr.
Turkey also offers many opportunities for those who want to pursue an academic career. After obtaining a bachelor’s degree, the demand for master’s and doctoral education continues to increase. Turkey meets this demand and ranks among the world’s leading countries with its high quality of education.
In order to choose the department and university where you want to study for a master’s or doctorate degree, you must first conduct research. Each department and university has its own admission requirements. Although there are differences in terms of admission requirements of universities, success scores from exams such as basic sciences exams (ALES, GRA, etc.) are required when applying to master’s and doctoral programs. For more detailed information about the exams and qualification requirements for master’s and doctoral programs, you can visit www.osym.gov.tr or visit the student affairs office of the university you intend to apply to.
If you have completed your undergraduate education abroad, you must have your undergraduate diploma recognized before applying for a master’s degree. The same applies to the master’s degree you completed abroad during your PhD application.
Equivalency procedures for associate, bachelor’s and master’s degrees completed outside Turkey are carried out by the Council of Higher Education. Obtaining a certificate of equivalence for such diplomas will be useful for job applications as well as academic applications. You can visit the “Equivalency Unit” section at www.yok.gov.tr for information on how the equivalency procedures are carried out and the required documents.
In order to ensure equality of opportunity in education, various universities in Turkey offer open education programs to those who wish to enroll in open education programs, limited to certain programs. These programs can be seen as an option for associate and undergraduate education. By enrolling in open education programs, you can have a diploma as in formal education programs.
The most widespread application among open education programs is carried out by Anadolu University. You can visit www.aof.edu.tr for more detailed information about which programs are included in the open education system and admission requirements.
In addition, those who have not completed compulsory secondary education can enroll in open education schools. There are different options: open education secondary school, open education high school and vocational and technical open education school. You can enroll in open education programs before having your undergraduate diploma recognized. Foreigners in Turkey can also apply for open education programs.
Another option for education in Turkey is public education centers, which are non-formal education institutions. Public Education Centers are institutions that provide educational services to people of all ages and educational levels. Offering thousands of training programs, the most popular ones include Turkish and foreign language courses, vocational training, sports and performing arts training. You can also participate in these training programs. To participate in these trainings, which are offered free of charge in almost every province in Turkey, simply apply to your nearest Public Education Center Directorate.
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